Thermal runaway in UPS batteries poses a serious threat to any facility. Understanding what it is, how it begins, and how to prevent it is crucial for businesses that rely on UPS systems.
What Is Thermal Runaway in UPS Batteries?
Thermal runaway occurs when a battery’s internal temperature rises rapidly. The heat can trigger chemical reactions that can spread across batteries and potentially cause fires or damage to equipment.
Unlike generators, which take time to start, a UPS delivers backup power instantly. Unfortunately, that convenience is one of the reasons routine checks are overlooked, but they can help prevent thermal runaway.
What Causes Thermal Runaway?
Knowing what causes thermal runaway in UPS batteries enables you to act in advance. Some triggers are:
Lead-acid batteries: These typically show signs of trouble before reaching full thermal runaway. The most common warning signs are bulging of the battery casing and acid leakage.
Lithium-ion batteries: Heat can escalate faster in lithium-ion batteries than in lead-acid cells. Watch for rapid temperature rises, chemical or burnt odors and deformation of the battery pack. In more severe cases, smoke or gas may be released, and UPS systems may experience unexpected shutdowns due to overheating cells.
Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries: These are generally more resistant, but they can still overheat internally if stressed. Warning signs include swelling of the battery case and hissing sounds from internal gas buildup or electrolyte leakage. Elevated heat in cells and unusual voltage readings during charging are also indicators of potential thermal runaway.
Regardless of the batteries you use, early detection is crucial to prevent further damage or full thermal runaway.
How to Prevent Thermal Runaway
The following is a responsible list of actions for preventing thermal runaway in UPS batteries:
Environmental monitoring: Track temperature and humidity continuously.
Automated voltage control: Installing one of these systems prevents overcharging.
Routine inspections: Proactive checks enable you to detect early warning signs.
In addition, following IEEE 1635 and NFPA 855 ensures UPS installations meet strict battery management and fire-prevention standards. Facilities that comply reduce the risk of thermal runaway.
Nationwide Power Is Your Critical Power Partner
If you want to avoid a thermal event that could start fires and potentially put equipment or lives at risk, the safest course of action is to schedule a UPS inspection with a trusted provider. Request a quote from Nationwide Power today.
Have a question or need more information? Use our convenient online request for quote form or give us a call at 800-868-2780 and we will promptly respond to your needs.
